Cold War

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What was the cold war?
A period of struggle between USA & USSR. Never fought directly but became involved in proxy wars & competed over being the best.
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Atlantic Charter
USA & UK
1941
How the world is going to look like post war
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Grand Alliance
Alliance led by the 'Big 3', 3 great Allied powers: UK, USSR, USA in order to defeat Nazi Germany and its allies, during the WW2.
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Leaders of Superpowers at beginning
Stalin
Roosavelt
Churchhill
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Why did USA join WW2?
Bombing of Pearl Harbour
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What was the Truman Doctrine?
Promised that the USA would provide aid to any country taking a stand against communism. The USA was now fully committed to a policy of containment
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What was the Marshall Plan?
Marshall Aid money would be spent to help the economies of Western Europe recover after World War Two and make them less likely to fall prey to communism.
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What was the Keenan Long Telegram?
1946 Feb
USSR doesn't trust Truman, Stalin wanted destruction of capitalism, therefore there could be no peaceful co-existence between the USSR and the USA.
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What was the Novikov Telegram?
1946 Sept
USA doesn't trust Stalin, USA had emerged from World War Two economically strong and bent on world domination. War vs USSR advocated Response to USA
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What happened on 24th June 1948?
Stalin cut all land access to Berlin for the Allies. This became known as the Berlin Blockade.
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What did the Berlin Blockade mean for the West?
Berlin could now only be accessed by air, resulting in a restriction on the freedom to travel outside Berlin for all Germans.
Food shortage
A lack of basic goods: fuel and medicines.
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What was NATO?
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation in April 1949 – an alliance of 13 countries around the North Atlantic for their mutual defence.
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What was the Warsaw Pact?
USSR response to the formation of NATO with the Warsaw Pact in May 1955– similarly an alliance of the communist countries of Eastern Europe for their mutual defence.
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Truman
1945-53
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Eizenhower
1953-61
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JFK
1961-63
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LBJ
1963-69
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Nixon
1969-74
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Ford
1974-77
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Carter
1977-81
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Reagan
1981-89
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Bush
1989-93
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Stalin
1929-53
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Khruschev
1953-64
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Brezhnev
1964-82
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Andropov
1982-84
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Chernenko
1984-85
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Gorbachev
1985-91
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1957
Sputnik 1
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1958
Sputnik 2
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1949
China became communist
USSR develops atomic bomb
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Vietnam War
America backing France & South Vietnam, supports anti-democratic regimes
USSR & China back communist/ nationalist movements
1945
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1952
USA Hydrogen Bomb developed, (USSR's a year later)
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MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction 1962
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Hungarian uprising:
1956 October -> November
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Impact of Soviet rule in Hungary
Suffering: all of food industry shipped to USSR, oppositin dealt with ruthlessly by secret police (AVO), Rakosi (leader) was communist but communism unpopular
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Soviet reaction of Hungarian uprising:
K refuses to allow Hungary to leave WP because would make gap in the buffer zone
1000's of soviet tanks/ soldiers entered Hungary to crackdown on protests
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Berin Crisis
1958-61
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Geneva Conference
May 1959
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What was the Berlin Ultimatum?
As Berlin lay in East Germany, the Western powers should withdraw their troops from Berlin within six months. Nov 1958
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What was the Berlin Crisis?
East German refugees fleeing for West Germany gave a bad impression of life and communism in East Germany and this worried Khruschev
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What happened at the Geneva summit?
2 leaders seeked agreement on Berlin. No real conclusion to ultimatum yet relations between Khruschev and Eisenhower improved
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Camp David Summit:
Sept 1959
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What happened at the Camp David Summit?
K visited the USA, eased tensions, no real decision on fate of Berlin yet K withdrew ultimatum, further negotiations in Paris next year
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Paris Summit
May 1960
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What happened at the Paris Summit?
Plans in place for summit (e.g. test ban treaty) but wrecked when USSR shot down American U2 Spy plane & captured pilot Gary Powers. USA refuses to apologise.
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Vienna Summit
June 1961
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What happened at the Vienna Summit?
New president Kennedy (K thought weak and inexperienced) demanded Berlin Ultimatum JFK said no. K begining to loose patience with Berlin.
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Consequences of Paris summit:
No agreement on test ban treaty, USA no longer held 'moral high ground', issues of Berlin and Cuba unresolved, relations between 2 deteriorated
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Atlantic Charter

Back

USA & UK
1941
How the world is going to look like post war

Card 3

Front

Grand Alliance

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Leaders of Superpowers at beginning

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why did USA join WW2?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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